The Stages of Tooth Decay

The outer layers of a tooth are dentin and enamel and protect the pulp of a tooth. Tooth pulp is the innermost layer of a tooth and contains nerves, blood vessels and specialized cells. The dental pulp becomes exposed due to cavities, cracks or chronic tooth grinding (see separate article on tooth grinding).

The chart above shows the Four (4) Stages of Tooth Decay. This progression takes place over time and often progresses very quickly.

Tooth decay or dental caries is caused by bacteria in the mouth that build up in sticky plaque on teeth and feed on sugars in the diet. As a result, the bacteria release acids that break down the enamel and dentin of teeth and if untreated, ultimately damage the pulp. Early stages of dental decay may be without symptoms, but if untreated result in advanced stages generally which lead to pain and infections and may result in abscesses, or even sepsis. Tooth decay may look like black patches on teeth or holes in the teeth and may also result in broken teeth. As shown in the picture above, if tooth decay is not treated, it can cause pain, infection and even tooth loss.

Over 1/4 of the American population 20–64 years of age have untreated tooth decay. One out of every 5 adults over 65 years of age in the US are missing all of their natural teeth.

The two (2) keys to tooth decay prevention are good home oral hygiene and regular cleanings and exams by a dentist.

Please see our article on the benefits of regular dental cleanings and exams.

The information in this article is provided by the office of Dr. Paul D Ellzey, DDS; contact our office at 334-358-4252 to schedule an appointment.